The article is devoted to the key problem of the organization of container transportation in the modern economy. The possibilities and prospects of using gondola cars for container transportation are considered, as well as the difficulties that arise in this case and ways to overcome them.

Special attention is paid to the discrepancy between the volumes of cargo flows in different directions and the importance of optimizing logistics processes. The analysis of the efficiency of loading and unloading operations with containers in universal gondola cars and specialized fitting platforms is given, as well as the issues of cost and time of delivery of large-capacity containers using different methods are analyzed.

It is concluded that the use of gondola cars is a promising solution to the problem of shortage of fitting platforms and optimization of freight transportation. However, the successful implementation of this method requires solving a number of technical and operational tasks, which implies a comprehensive approach, careful study of the specifics of transportation, the legal framework and technical nuances.

In general, the article is a deep analytical work that not only identifies key problems in the organization of container transportation, but also offers practical solutions for their effective elimination.

In 2024 international transport logistics and all foreign trade of the Russian Federation faced new difficulties. The article examines the main changes in the context of modes of transport and routes when importing goods from China to Russian Federation and makes forecasts for import volumes for the current year. Based on the situation at the end of 2024, the main criteria for an effective strategy for importers for 2025 are considered in terms of modes of transport and delivery routes.

The article considers the issue of improving the efficiency of the warehouse process of transport and logistics systems by analyzing the work of the warehouse dispatch expedition and identifying «bottlenecks». The theoretical aspects of the organization of the work of the shipping expedition of the warehouse are touched upon. The features of the functioning of the dispatch expedition in the conditions of operation of warehouses of the «store-warehouse» type are revealed on the example of a small wholesale trade enterprise LLC METRO Cash and Carry. The features of the functioning of this format, which is an integral part of the transport and logistics system, are considered.

The article examines the problem of locating terminal-warehouse complexes based on railway transport as a tool for improving the efficiency of logistics systems. The authors analyze modern approaches to optimizing logistics processes, including the use of center location problems on graphs to determine the optimal placement of terminal-warehouse complexes (TWCs). The advantages of railway transport in logistics are highlighted, including its cost-efficiency, environmental sustainability, and high throughput capacity. Special attention is paid to the integration of railway infrastructure with multimodal supply chains and the implementation of automated warehouse management systems (WMS), which help reduce operating costs, improve cargo handling accuracy, and minimize time losses.

The methodological part of the article formulates the TWC location problem on a graph as a minimization problem of the maximum distance from the center to other nodes of the graph. This approach accounts for transport and infrastructure characteristics of regions, such as cargo flow density, accessibility of transport hubs, and geographical constraints.

The practical significance of the study lies in the potential application of the proposed approach to the design and modernization of transport and logistics systems, which is particularly relevant for regions with a high degree of transport flow integration, such as the Kaliningrad Region.

The article examines the current state of the transport system of the Arctic regions and the factors that influence the vector of development of transport communications in the Arctic territories. Due to the complexity of the formation of new land transport routes due to climatic features, the focus has shifted to the development of the infrastructure of the Northern Sea Route, as one of the main transport arteries of the Russian Arctic. n particular, the article provides an option for calculating the loading speed of a container ship using port PRMs.